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COUNSELLING APPROACHES: THE CLIENT-CENTRED APPROACH
Client-centred therapy has developed from the work of Carl Rogers; it is often referred to as Rogerian or non-directive therapy. Rogers belonged to the humanistic school of psychology where the approach is based upon belief in the capacity of the client to solve her own emotional problems. The counsellor does not attempt to direct or interpret what the client is saying, instead his function is to listen intently and help the client recognize and clarify the emotions she feels without losing her sense of control and responsibility. The counsellor avoids diagnosing, evaluating, directing, reassuring or humouring the client, neither does he interrogate, interpret or advise and the erection of professional barriers is avoided as they only serve to distort the relationship. It is vital that the counsellor creates an atmosphere which enables the client to talk freely and to explore her own feelings. In the relationship between the physiotherapist and patient this can only happen where there is partnership. The knowledge that the physiotherapist possesses is for the patient to share. The main concern of humanistic psychologists is the client's subjective experiences. The humanistic approach views human beings as loving, trusting, positive and sociable and rejects counter theories such as those of Freud.
Rogers believes there are three main counsellor characteristics which are critical to successful therapeutic movement: genuineness, unconditioned positive regard, and empathic understanding. Unconditioned positive regard includes feelings of warmth, liking, respect, sympathy and acceptance, it can be seen in the infant's need for love and affection. If present these characteristics provide a safe, protective atmosphere in which individuals can examine their experiences and in which they can learn to accept themselves. Rogers (1980) states: 'Individuals have within them vast resources for self-understanding for altering their self-concepts, basic attitudes and self-directed behaviour. These resources can be tapped if a climate of facilitative psychological attitudes can be provided'.
Rogerian psychologists believe that empathic understanding and empathic responding bring about greater self-exploration and self-experiencing on the part of the client leading to more disclosures and greater self-awareness. The warmth and genuine acceptance that the counsellor communicates encourages self acceptance on the part of the client.
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