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STRESS: ITS RELATION TO ILLNESS, HOSPITALIZATION AND WORK
Stephanie Kitchener
Every one of us experiences stress; indeed a certain level of stress is vital if we are to meet day-to-day challenges and cope with life's minor crises. Stress represents an inbuilt homeostatic mechanism enabling us to adapt to our environment, it is necessary to generate motivation and promote development and growth. However, as Wolf and Goodell (1968) point out: 'Sometimes threat evokes reactions of long duration and even of greater magnitude than the assault itself. The resulting protective adaptive reaction, when sustained, may be more damaging to the individual than the effects of the noxious agent per se.
Thus, although the experience and manifestations of stress are perfectly natural and healthy, prolonged or abnormal levels of stress can lead to long-term detrimental effects.
The last 40 years or so have seen the publication of an enormous amount of research which has attempted to outline: factors likely to give rise to stress; physiological responses to stress; psychological and behavioural responses to stress; coping strategies; and the detrimental effects of sustained stress. Such research has produced a wealth of evidence to suggest causal links between illness, hospitalization and stress. As physiotherapists working mainly with sick people and to a large extent within the hospital setting, it is important that we have an understanding of how these links occur, for it has been shown that stress not only interferes with the formation of a good patient/therapist relationship but also hinders effective treatment and recovery following illness and surgery.
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