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CLINICAL INTERVIEWING: SOCIAL SKILLS TRAINING – PAYTON’S DESCRIPTION
Payton (1983) describes a study where physical therapy clinical supervisors were taught basic communication skills such as questioning and reflecting feeling. As a means of assessing the training, each participant interviewed a colleague on the subject of job satisfaction at the beginning and end of the course. The interviews were tape recorded and were analysed later by the investigator without knowing the student's identity or when the interview had been conducted. The students demonstrated more social skills in the interviews conducted at the end of the course, although the result was not statistically significant.
Payton (1983) also described a study with physical therapy students. The students were given 2 hours of didactic instruction on social skills and 10 hours of social skills training over several weeks. Questionnaires were completed on the first day and at the end of the course. The students were required to provide open-ended answers to questions concerning various clinical situations. The questionnaires were analysed by the investigator in the same manner as in the previous experiment. A great improvement was noted in the students' awareness of social skills by the end of the course. The result being statistically significant P= < 0.0001.
The discrepancy between the clinical supervisors and the students may have been due to the very different measuring devices esed. It may also be the case that the clinical supervisors had acquired social skills through experience, though many people, including Rasche et al. (1974) and Dickson and Maxwell (1987), believe this does not occur as readily or as easily as most people think. Decann and Hegarty (1987) found that radiotherapy students who had undertaken social skills training involving role play had better interviewing skills than those who underwent social skills training without role play and Goble and Stewart (1987) found that using members of the medical school staff as simulated patients was very useful as they could imitate symptoms accurately, give immediate feedback and repeat sequences of interaction.
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