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CONFLICT BETWEEN THE MEDICAL AND SOCIAL DEFINITIONS OF DISABILITY: ACCEPTANCE AND ADJUSTMENT
Health professionals and others have seen their role as one of helping disabled people to 'accept' their disability and 'adjust' to it. Disabled people have been urged to 'overcome' what are viewed as their problems, to learn to live with them and never to complain. Any prolonged anger or depression concerning lack of access, negative attitudes, inappropriate rehabilitation, poor housing or non-existent job prospects, have been viewed as evidence of maladjustment, denial and 'chips on their shoulders'. These ideas arise from individualistic models which conceptualize disability as a relatively unchangeable, internal state of the individual, rather than societal problems which can be changed.
Individualistic conceptions of disability have been severely criticized by disabled people who have concluded that they serve the interests, not of themselves, but of the non-disabled majority. It is convenient for society that disabled people should accept what are viewed as 'their' problems and adjust to them, for in that way the status quo is maintained. As Sutherland (1981) explains: 'When a disabled person fails to internalize the rehabilitation goals set by the professionals, or who persistently pesters his local social service department, he be categorized as having problems adjusting to his disability. This conveniently leaves the existing social world unchallenged, the goals of the rehabilitator remain unquestioned and the failure of the welfare department to provide the right assistance can be ignored'.
What non-disabled person would tolerate the erosion of his basic human rights, by passively 'accepting' and 'adjusting' to poor educational and employment opportunities, lack of access to public buildings and unsuitable housing leading to institutional living? What non-disabled person would tolerate others telling her she ought to accept and adapt to these conditions and that there was something wrong with her is she failed to do so? Disabled children have been socialized from an early age into believing that these rights do not apply to them. It is often those who become disabled later in life who can see the situation most clearly.
It is concepts such as 'independence', 'normality', 'acceptance' and 'adjustment' which the growing Disability Movement is bent on challenging.
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